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Polyamide 6 (PA 6)
Polyamide 6 is a constructional polymeric material exhibiting good strength and antifriction properties. This polyamide is chemically resistant to oils, gasoline, alcohol, weak acids, dilute and concentrated alkalis. It is nontoxic. It is a product of hydrolytic polymerization of caprolactam and corresponds to the chemical formula (-NH-(CH2)5-CO-)n.
Polyamide PA 6 has the high level of water absorption that explains its gradual destruction. This polyamide is the most widespread one because of its rather low price.
Polyamide PA 6 is intended for production of technical parts applied in machine building and vehicle manufacturing industries and other areas.
Depending on the range of values of relative viscosity, mass fraction of extracted substances and existence of modifying additives Polyamide PA 6 is issued in the following materials:
Polyamide 6 materials
| Materials | Description | Reference document |
|---|---|---|
| PA 6-210/310 | Polyamide PA 6 | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-210/311 | Polyamide PA 6, presence of an additive | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-130 | Low-viscosity polyamide PA-6, with a share of the extracted substances not more than 13 % | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211/04 | PA 6 with titanium dioxide, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211-12 | Temperature-stabilized PA 6, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211-15 | Light-temperature-stabilized, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211-17 | Stabilized by copper complex, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211-21 | With soot addition, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-211-22 | Coloured, medium viscosity | OST 6-06-S9-93 |
| PA 6-210-KS | Glass-filled (short glass), medium viscosity | OST 6-11-498-79 |
| PA 6-211-KS | Glass-filled (short glass), medium viscosity | OST 6-11-498-79 |
| PA 6-210-DS | Glass-filled (long glass), medium viscosity | GOST 17648-83 |
| PA 6-211-DS (first and superior grade) | Glass-filled (long glass), medium viscosity | GOST 17648-83 |
| PA 6 LSV30 | Glass-filled (30 % of glass fiber), medium viscosity | TS 6-06-204-91 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-5 |
Coal-filled (5% of carbon fiber) | TS 6-12-31-654-89 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-10 |
Coal-filled (10% of carbon fiber) | ТУ 6-12-31-654-89 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-15 |
Coal-filled (15% of carbon fiber) | TS 6-12-31-654-89 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-20 |
Coal-filled (20% of carbon fiber) | TS 6-12-31-654-89 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-30 |
Coal-filled (30% of carbon fiber) | TS 6-12-31-654-89 |
| Polyamide UPA 6-40 |
Coal-filled (40% of carbon fiber) | TS 6-12-31-654-89 |
Properties of Polyamide 6 210/310 (OST 6-06-S9-93)
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Granules in colour from white to light-yellow or coloured |
| Quantity of foreign and oxidized particles, in 100 g of the product, pcs, not more |
18 |
| Granule size (length), mm | 1.5 - 4.0 |
| Melting temperature, not less, °C | 215 |
| Mass fraction of water, %, not more | 0.2 |
| Viscosity ratio, not less, in the range | 2.6 - 3.2 |
| Mass fraction of extractives, not more, % | 1.5 |
| Mass fraction of unhewn granules, up to 20 mm, not more, % |
0.5 |
Physical and mechanical and dielectric properties
of Polyamide 6 210/310
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Density, g/cm³ | 1.13 - 1.14 |
| Melting temperature, °C, not lower | 215 |
| Breaking alongation, %, not less | 70 - 110 |
| Impact strength of samples with cut, kJ/m², not less |
5.0 |
| Tensile yield strength, MPa, not less | 65 |
| Hardness, MPa, not less | 100 |
| Softening temperature at bending stress 1.85 MPa, °C, not less |
45 |
| Flexural modulus, GPa | 1.9 - 2.0 |
| Ultimate flexural strength, MPa | 60 - 70 |
| Tensile strength at break, MPa, not less | 50 |
| Water absorption, %, in an hour of boiling, maximum |
3.5 10 - 11 |
| Conductivity factor at 20-150 °C, W/m·K | 0.28 |
| Average coefficient of thermal linear expansion *10⁵, 1/K, in the range of temperatures from -70 to +20 °C from +20 to 160 °C |
1 - 8 8 - 10 |
| Bending stress at deflection equal to 1.5 thickness of a sample, MPa |
25 - 30 |
| Stress at relative compressive deformation 25 %, MPa |
90 - 100 |
| Coefficient of friction against steel | 0.15 - 0.25 |
| Grid wear, mm³/(m·cm²) | 1.5 - 2.0 |
| Vicat softening temperature, °C, at load 9.8 N |
205 - 215 |
| Breaking strength, MPa | 56 - 65 |
| Fatigue strength at 10⁶ cycles (at 50 Hz), MPa |
15 - 25 |
| Young's dynamic modulus, MPa 10² | 22 |
| Surface resistivity, Ohm | 10¹⁴ |
| Volume resistivity, Ohm·cm | (1-3)·10¹⁵ |
| Dielectric strength, kV/mm | 21 - 23 |
| Dielectric loss tangent at frequency of 10⁶ Hz |
0.025-0.03 |
| Dielectric capacitivity at frequency 10⁶ Hz |
3.0 - 3.6 |
| Freezing resistance temperature, °C | -45 – -40 |
| Working temperatures, °C | 80 - 100 |
| Arc resistance at 10 mA, °C | 8 - 12 |
| Oxygen index, % | 24 - 25 |
| Mold shrinkage, % | 1.5 - 2.5 |
| Long-term strength at stretching for 100 h, MPa |
35 - 40 |